In the late Qing Dynasty, the natural economy of Anhui gradually disintegrated, the development of foreign trade, as well as changes in transport is to promote social and economic development in rural areas. Anhui local government as well as socioeconomic development in rural areas, to varying degrees, has made its own efforts, has implemented a series of measures to develop the agricultural economy, the promotion of cash crops such as technology, to improve agricultural production, the establishment of agricultural schools, the development and spread of agriculture and agricultural education knowledge, established institutions, such as agriculture, these policies on socioeconomic development in rural areas of Anhui have played a positive role. With the constant development of the Anhui rural economy, rural social and economic structure led to some changes, specifically in the commercialization in three aspects of agricultural products, handicrafts development, market towns. Due to the limitations of the times, Anhui peasants live in poverty, the rural economy is still around and repeated the development of a state of deformity.