This paper discusses the background and causes for the formation of the Chang'an culture in ancient China. It is this traditional national culture that laid a solid foundation for the growth of Buddhism in China. As the Buddhist doctrines complied with some philosophical ideas of the Chang'an culture, they were easily accepted by the Chinese. Rulers made use of Buddhism to consolidate their regime, which also promote Buddhism's growth. The paper simultaneously expounds the process of the Buddhist sutra translation, and outlines the outstanding achievements by some translation masters such as An Shigao, Dao'an, Jiumo Luoshi, Xuanzang.