Facing natural disasters struck, the ancient feudal government and the labor had taken positive measures for disaster prevention and resilience. By building water infrastructure, improving farming techniques, using various methods of disaster prevention and resilience, and achieving significant results. Meanwhile a distinctive thought of the ancient Chinese famine policy was formed and the relief system was also formed. Three warehouses were the focus of relief system, and grain storage for famine and disaster relief was the basic application form, which were supplemented by reducing government expenditure, purging officials, encouraging fertility, reducing the burden for people in disasters.The Qin and Han dynasties are focused on in analyzing the formation and development of ancient disaster relief system.