Huang Zongxi put forward political principle that"people are the first and the emperor is the second"in his Mingyi Daifang Lu:A Ming Barbarian Waiting for a Visitor,which is basically dif- ferent from the Confucius idea that"emperor is the first and the people are the second".Huang Zongxi clearly pointed out that"A cadre is another part of the emperor",which basically denied the traditional idea of the relationship between an emperor and a cadre.He pointed out that the laws made by one party are not really laws,however,real laws should be the laws of a whole country and have the character of a country's constitution.He also pointed out that"the right and wrong should be judged by schools"and that schools have some functions of a modern parliament.These indicate that Huang Zongxi social and political thoughts really had democratic character and he is a pioneer of China modern democratic thoughts.