Dual economic structure is the typical characteristic of Chongqing's economic development and is also the barrier to limit the economic development of Chongqing.Based on comparing and analyzing urban- rural resident income,Engle Coefficient and dual contrast coefficient,this paper points out that,while the government gives priority to agriculture,Chongqing should attach importance to developing modern agriculture and encourage developing township-village enterprises in order to transfer rural surplus labor and to construct new socialism villages in the process of the changing of dual economy.