| 摘要: |
| 《 民法典》 所有权保留制度兼采了功能主义与形式主义的立法路径,在区分所有权与所有权保
留制度双重价值结构的基础上,肯定所有权保留制度对契约自由与交易安全的维护,承认所有权保留制
度的担保属性。 从其内部构造来看,该制度的担保属性嵌置于买卖合同之中,例外地突破了合同牵连性
并实现本权与占有的分离,藉此耦合了分期付款买卖与信贷交易的需要。 此外,在考察所有权保留对第
三人的法律效力、取回权行使的限制性条件与清算法理的基础上,对出卖人享有的所有权保留宜采担保
权解释。 从其外部效果来看,该制度的担保属性要求就可对抗的“ 第三人” 进行限缩解释,宜指向与出卖
人有利害关系但又不属于“ 正常经营活动中买受人” 的交易主体,同时,未经登记的出卖人不得对抗善意
取得动产抵押权和质权的受让人。 |
| 关键词: 所有权保留 形式主义 功能主义 担保权构成 |
| DOI： |
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| The Path of Integration of Form and Function:On the Guarantee Attribute of the Ownership Retention System |
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LI Jianwei, ZHENG Haoling
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| Abstract: |
| The ownership retention system in the Civil Code of the People’ s Republic of China integrates
both functionalist and formalist legislative approaches. Based on the distinction between the dual value structure
of ownership and the ownership retention system, the Civil Code affirms that the ownership retention system
maintains contractual freedom and transactional security, and recognizes the guarantee attributes of the owner-
ship retention system. From an internal construction perspective, the guarantee attribute of this system is em-
bedded within the sales contract, exceptionally breaking through the principle of contract interdependence and
achieving the separation of ownership and possession, thereby integrating the needs of installment sales and
credit transactions. Moreover, when examining the legal effect of ownership retention on third parties, the re-
strictive conditions for the exercise of the right of reclamation, and the principles of liquidation, it is appropriate
to adopt a security right interpretation for the ownership enjoyed by the seller. In terms of its external effects,
the guarantee attribute of this system requires a narrow interpretation of the “ third party” that can be opposed,
which should be directed at transactional entities that have an interest relationship with the seller but do not be-
long to “ buyers in normal business activities” . At the same time, an unregistered seller may not oppose a trans-
feree who has acquired the mortgage and pledge of chattels in good faith. |
| Key words: ownership retention formalism functionalism composition of security rights |
