| 摘要: |
| 在一般抽象意义上,马克思指出了需要的社会性与历史性,揭示了人的需要与物质生活的生产之间的辩证关系。深入到资本主义生产方式中,马克思揭示了资本主义条件下满足需要所特有的消费方式对于资本主义生产关系再生产的重要意义。资本通过引导和控制工人的需要和消费,使得资本主义生产关系不断向工人的日常生活、意识形态等领域全面殖民,由此促进资本生产关系及其合法性的生产和再生产。但是,由于资本自身生产关系的内在矛盾,工人有限的购买力成为资本不可克服的界限。然而,与此同时,马克思指出,按照历史辩证法,正是在现存的资本主义社会中,辩证地蕴含着实现人的自由全面发展需要的萌芽及其历史性生成的条件。 |
| 关键词: 马克思 需要 消费 美好生活 资本主义生产关系 |
| DOI： |
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| Analysis of the Needs and the Good Life in Marx’s Capital Criticism |
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YANG Li-jing, LIN Mi
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School of Marxism, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
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| Abstract: |
| In a general abstract sense, Marx identifies the social and historical nature of needs, and reveals the dialectical relationship between human needs and the production of material life. Going deep into the capitalist mode of production, Marx elaborates the importance of the mode of consumption to satisfy the needs under capitalist conditions for the reproduction of capitalist relations of production. By guiding and controlling the needs and consumption of workers, capital makes the capitalist production relations continuously colonize the workers’ daily life, ideology and other fields, thereby promoting the production and reproduction of capitalist
production relations and their legitimacy. However, due to the inherent contradictions of capitalist production relations, the limited purchasing power of workers has become an insurmountable limit of capital. However, at the same time, according to historical dialectics, it is in the existing capitalist society that dialectically contains
the germination of the needs to realize the free and comprehensive development of human beings and the conditions for its historical generation. |
| Key words: Marx needs consumption good life capitalist relations of production |
