| 摘要: |
| 社会工作是一种政治实践,而与政治密切相关的是意识形态。发源于英、美等西方国家的社会工作,便是其主导意识形态--自由主义的产物。社会工作的归因取向和实践方法都受到了自由主义思想的显著影响。具体而言,自由主义倾向于“责怪受害者”,认为贫穷、失业等都属于受害者的个人问题,这一理念被社会工作的源头--济贫法和慈善组织会社所吸收。同时,在这种归因取向的引导下,社会工作的实践目标便是“治疗受害者”,运用个别化的方法对受害者实施一对一的治疗,个案工作方法便由此发展而来。同时,继个案方法之后出现的团体工作同样以个人服务为主。个案工作、个人治疗的兴盛导致社会工作忽略了案主个人问题背后的结构性根源,抛弃了社会行动、社会变革的“社会”使命,即社会工作的“去社会化”。 |
| 关键词: 社会工作 自由主义 去社会化 |
| DOI： |
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| Liberalism and the“De-social Reform”of Social Work |
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LI Wei;HUI Xiao1,2
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1.Department of Sociology,Yan’an University,Yan’an 716000,Shaanxi,China;2.Psychological Counseling Center,Yan’an University,Yan’an 716000,Shaanxi,China
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| Abstract: |
| Social work is a kind of political practice,and the ideology is one of the concepts that are closely associated with politics.The social work,which originated from western countries such as the United Kingdom,the United States and so on,is the outcome of the influence of western dominant ideology--liberalism.Both its attribution orientation towards clients and practice methods have been significantly shaped by liberalism thought.Specifically,the liberalism is inclined to“blame the victims”,which regards social problems(poverty,unemployment,etc.)as individual defects.This idea was assimilated by the origins(The Poor Law and Charity Organization Society)of social work.Furthermore,under the guidance of individualized attribution,social work practice has been aiming at“curing the victims”with the one-to-one mode,from which casework method has developed.Meanwhile,the group method,which occurred after casework,is also indulged in individual service.As a result,social work has lost sight of the structural roots of the clients’miseries and abandoned the“social”mission of social action and social reform with the prevalence of casework and personalized therapy,which is the phenomenon of“de-social reform”. |
| Key words: social work liberalism de-social reform |
