After the high tide of translation in the 1930s and the 1940s and the low tide in the 1950s and the 1960s, the translations and plays of the American playwright Eugene O’Neill reappeared in China in the Late Period of the Twentieth Century. In this period, the Chinese translations have made far-reaching impact on Chinese literary circle, dramatic circle, common readers and play audiences. Many of O’Neill plays were not only translated and published, but also put on stage. Thus the audience can be categorized into readers and play audience. With the standard of the factual influence, the readers can be further categorized into translators and the intellectuals. This paper is dedicated to give an all-round inspection of the influence of the Chinese translations in the late period of the twentieth century on the translators, the intellectuals, and the audience.