China’s poverty alleviation has entered a critical period of post antipoverty campaign. In the face of the risk of povertystricken groups going out of absolute poverty but returning to poverty, we should pay attention to the construction of their economicsocial resilience in the post antipoverty campaign. Economicsocial resilience is the inherent and action characteristics of the povertystricken groups in the economic downturn and in the face of economic difficulties, in terms of economic behavior and socioeconomic relations, resisting external pressures, maintaining a stable mentality, and finding opportunities to get out of the predicament and seek development. Its construction needs to accumulate economic resilience, develop social resilience, stimulate positive factors in the culture of poor groups, and combine them in a coherent way. The construction of economicsocial resilience of povertystricken groups should be an important part of antipoverty action in the period of post antipoverty campaign, in which antipoverty policy implementers and social workers should play a critical role.