At present，China‘s agricultural insurance development theory research has made great achievements，but promoting the sustainable development of agricultural insurance system innovation behavior of the government seems to be relatively scarce.Based on the concept of innovation and development，the government promotes the sustainable development of agricultural insurance through the system innovation behavior as a clue，taking insurance economics，welfare economics and system transfer theory as the theoretical basis，the prerequisite of the sustainable development of agricultural insurance，the realistic predicament of the development of agricultural insurance，the challenge of high technology，the domestic and foreign literatures，such as the strategic requirement of the poverty alleviation by agricultural insurance and the important measures of system innovation are sorted and summarized.Finally，combining with the background of the era，this paper prospects the further innovation and development of agricultural insurance