| 摘要: |
| 学界对麦金太尔重建现代社会、复兴目的论的旨趣缺少关注，对美德论的解读亦存在碎片化甚至误读的趋向。麦氏美德论实为历史主义的社会学批判，它主张某种道德理论的合理性取决于它所预设的社会模式的合理性，现代道德筹划所预设的非历史主义的、个人主义的抽象人性和社会建制应予拒斥。现代道德筹划放弃了包含“实现其本质/目的而可能所是的人性”这一要素的目的论框架，故必然失败。美德是有助于维系和发展“具有内在利益的实践”“目的论的人生叙事”“共享的道德传统”的人类品质。各种道德传统虽有其特殊性，但仍具历史开放性并可交流互鉴。共享善的、合作性的共同体是美德存续的社会条件，要建构各种地方性共同体以抵制现代资本主义对美德的侵蚀。 |
| 关键词: 美德 实践 传统 目的论 共同体 麦金太尔 |
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| A Summary of Macintyre’s Virtue Theory |
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ZENG Xiao-qiang
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| Abstract: |
| The academic circles in mainland China were short of attention to the purport of Macintyre’s reconstruction of modern society and reviving of teleology， and the interpretation of virtue theory also had the tendency of fragmentation and even misreading. Macintyre’s virtue theory substantially was historicist sociological criticism， and it asserted that rationality of a moral theory depended on rationality of social model presupposed by the theory， and that non-historicist and individualist abstract human nature and social institution presupposed by modern moral planning should be rejected. Modern moral planning inevitably failed， because of the abandonment of teleological framework which contained the essential factor， namely， “human-nature-as-it-could-be-if-it-realized-its-telos”. Virtues were the human characters which were made for subsistence and development of practice with intrinsic interest， teleological narrative of life， and shared moral tradition. Although all kinds of moral traditions had their specific characteristics， they were open to the future and could communicate with each other. Cooperative community with shared goods was social condition of subsistence of virtues， and various local communities should be set up in order to counteract the erosion of virtue by modern capitalism. |
| Key words: virtue practice tradition teleology community Alasdair Macintyre |
