改进 A* 算法的仓储 AGV 路径规划研究
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Study on Warehouse AGV Path Planning with Improved A* Algorithm
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    摘要:

    目的 针对仓储 AGV 路径规划,传统的 A* 算法存在遍历节点数多、转弯次数较多、规划路径过障碍物顶点 导致实际环境中容易与障碍物发生碰撞等问题,提出一种改进的 A* 算法。 方法 该算法通过改变存在障碍物邻域 时的可扩展节点搜索方向来避免所规划路径经过障碍物顶点,引入当前节点与目标点之间的障碍率和当前节点与 目标点间距离占起始点与目标点间距离的比重来协同动态调节启发函数。 利用折线优化法去除路径多余节点,利 用改进二次 Bezier曲线拟合规划路径,优化路径平滑度。 结果 MATLAB 仿真结果表明:改进的 A* 算法有效避免接 触障碍物,转折次数更少且路径更加平滑。 改进的算法相较于传统 A* 算法,路径规划效率提高 37. 99%,转折次数 减少 41. 67%,遍历节点数减少 8. 11%。 结论 改进传统 A* 算法可以减少一定的路径规划时间和节点搜索数量,同 时优化 AGV 转弯次数和路径平滑度。 利用改进 A* 算法能够使仓储 AGV 在路径规划过程中更具有方向性地向目 标点搜索路径。

    Abstract:

    Objective In the context of path planning for automated guided vehicles AGVs in warehouses the traditional A* algorithm suffers from several issues. These include a high number of node expansions excessive turning points and paths that cut across obstacle vertices which can easily lead to collisions in real-world environments. To address these problems an improved A* algorithm is proposed. Methods First to prevent the planned path from passing through obstacle vertices and thus reduce collision risks the search direction for expandable neighbor nodes was modified when obstacles were present in the neighborhood. The heuristic function was dynamically adjusted through the combination of two factors the obstacle ratio between the current node and the target node and the distance ratio of the current-to-target segment to the start-to-target segment. After the initial path was generated redundant nodes were removed using a polyline optimization method and the path was smoothed by fitting it with an improved quadratic Bezier curve. Results MATLAB simulation results demonstrated that the improved A* algorithm effectively avoided obstacle contact achieved fewer turns

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陈思颖,刘为国,朱洪波.改进 A* 算法的仓储 AGV 路径规划研究[J].重庆工商大学学报(自然科学版),2026,43(4):119-125
CHEN Siying LIU Weiguo ZHU Hongbo. Study on Warehouse AGV Path Planning with Improved A* Algorithm[J]. Journal of Chongqing Technology and Business University(Natural Science Edition),2026,43(4):119-125

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  • 在线发布日期: 2026-07-07
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