Objective In disinfection robots employing traditional PID proportional-integral-derivative control the accuracy of DC motor speed is often insufficient when the environment changes or there is load interference. To address this issue a fuzzy PID control approach is proposed to enhance the response speed and accuracy of the motor speed in disinfection robots. Methods Starting from the disinfection robot model the parameters of the robot?? s motor are derived based on kinematic principles thereby establishing the DC motor model. Using Kirchhoff?? s law the transfer function of the motor is calculated according to the DC motor model. A traditional PID control system is constructed in MATLAB / Simulink and the motor speed is simulated. The correctness of the transfer function is verified by comparing the simulated speed with the rated speed of the motor. Meanwhile a fuzzy PID control system is developed by integrating fuzzy control theory with the motor transfer function. A comparative simulation is conducted in MATLAB / Simulink to evaluate the effects of the traditional PID and fuzzy PID control systems on motor speed control. Results Experimental results indicate that under load interference the response speed of the motor in the fuzzy PID control system is 3 s quicker than that in the traditional PID control system and the motor speed accuracy is improved by 8%. The fuzzy PID control system indisinfection robots can effectively boost the motor?? s response speed and enhance its speed accuracy. Conclusion In complex scenarios the fuzzy PID control system can significantly improve the response speed and accuracy of DC motors. The fuzzy control method serves as a valuable reference for motor speed research and provides insights for the development of motor control in disinfection robots. It holds great promise for wide-ranging applications in the field of disinfection robot motor control.