Objective The two-parameter method which introduces a second parameter constraint parameter can more accurately describe the crack tip field in the constrained especially low-constrained state than the traditional one- parameter method based on J-integral only. Geometric constraint parameters as the most important constraint parameters have been widely investigated in the fields of linear elastic and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics. It is crucial to thoroughly understand the current research and development status of geometric constraint parameters to clarify their challenges and future trends. Methods By summarizing and analyzing literature related to geometric constraints in fracture studies the current research status of four main geometric constraint parameters T Q A2 A was analyzed elucidated and summarized including determination of their values analytical numerical solution methods and engineering evaluation methods and influencing factors crack type model geometry load and material properties . Results The shortcomings and deficiencies of existing research have been identified. Conclusion Based on this the challenges faced by research on geometric constraint parameters in obtaining analytical solutions the influence of multifactor coupling effects the development of evaluation methods and different types of cracks are clarified. Additionally future Objective The two-parameter method which introduces a second parameter constraint parameter can more accurately describe the crack tip field in the constrained especially low-constrained state than the traditional one- parameter method based on J-integral only. Geometric constraint parameters as the most important constraint parameters have been widely investigated in the fields of linear elastic and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics. It is crucial to thoroughly understand the current research and development status of geometric constraint parameters to clarify their challenges and future trends. Methods By summarizing and analyzing literature related to geometric constraints in fracture studies the current research status of four main geometric constraint parameters T Q A2 A was analyzed elucidated and summarized including determination of their values analytical numerical solution methods and engineering evaluation methods and influencing factors crack type model geometry load and material properties . Results The shortcomings and deficiencies of existing research have been identified. Conclusion Based on this the challenges faced by research on geometric constraint parameters in obtaining analytical solutions the influence of multifactor coupling effects the development of evaluation methods and different types of cracks are clarified. Additionally future Objective The two-parameter method which introduces a second parameter constraint parameter can more accurately describe the crack tip field in the constrained especially low-constrained state than the traditional one- parameter method based on J-integral only. Geometric constraint parameters as the most important constraint parameters have been widely investigated in the fields of linear elastic and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics. It is crucial to thoroughly understand the current research and development status of geometric constraint parameters to clarify their challenges and future trends. Methods By summarizing and analyzing literature related to geometric constraints in fracture studies the current research status of four main geometric constraint parameters T Q A2 A was analyzed elucidated and summarized including determination of their values analytical numerical solution methods and engineering evaluation methods and influencing factors crack type model geometry load and material properties . Results The shortcomings and deficiencies of existing research have been identified. Conclusion Based on this the challenges faced by research on geometric constraint parameters in obtaining analytical solutions the influence of multifactor coupling effects the development of evaluation methods and different types of cracks are clarified. Additionally futuredevelopment directions are analyzed and elucidated including the impact of loads on constraints the influence of crack types on constraints constraint parameter corrections under bending loads and the relationship between constraint parameters in three-dimensional models.