Objective Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC-MS combined with network pharmacology methods this study explored the active ingredients and mechanisms of the volatile oil from Zanthoxylum armatum DC. in intervening hyperlipidemia providing a theoretical basis for the research on functional components in the volatile oil from Zanthoxylum armatum DC. and its intervention mechanism in hyperlipidemia. Methods Initially the chemical components of the volatile oil from Zanthoxylum armatum DC. were identified by GC-MS and then the corresponding targets of the chemical components and the disease targets of hyperlipidemia were obtained through databases. The key targets of the volatile oil from Zanthoxylum armatum DC. in intervening hyperlipidemia were obtained through Venn diagram protein-protein interaction analysis GO analysis KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment analysis and construction of the ?? target-pathway-active ingredient network. Finally the molecular docking software AutoDock was used to validate the semi-flexible docking of the main active compounds from the volatile oil from Zanthoxylum armatum DC. with the key targets. Results 29 chemical components were identified in the volatile oil from Zanthoxylum armatum DC. obtaining 37 core targets for intervening hyperlipidemia which are involved in cellular responses to lipids lipid localization regulation and responses to lipopolysaccharides. Through KEGG enrichment analysis and the ??target-pathwayactive ingredient network 28 key targets including PPARA RXRA TNF NR1H3 PPARG and IL-6 as well as 7 main active ingredients such as farnesol linoleic acid and α-caryophyllene were obtained. The molecular docking results showed that the key targets had good binding abilities with the main active ingredients with binding energies all less than -7. 0 kJ/ mol. Conclusion Various functional components in the volatile oil from Zanthoxylum armatum DC. may intervene hyperlipidemia by acting on key targets such as PPARA RXRA TNF NR1H3 PPARG and IL-6. This study explores the mechanism of the volatile oil from Zanthoxylum armatum DC. in intervening hyperlipidemia aiming to provide theoretical support for further research on the functional components in the volatile oil from Zanthoxylum armatum DC.