In view of the problem that the constraint relationship between the structure and performance of the machine bed is not clear, a clear relationship curve and reasonable parameter range are proposed. Based on the methods of statistical analysis and sensitivity analysis, the internal ribs of five common bed types were studied, and the influence of outer wall thickness, rib thickness, and mass on the dynamic and static performance of the structure was analyzed. In addition, the trend curves of the lightweight structure parameters and the dynamic and static performance of the structure were obtained, and the influence law of the key dimensions on the structural performance was pointed out. The optimal configuration of the machine bed and the suggestions for the lightweight design of the structure were given. By comparing five machine tool beds with different rib types, it is concluded that the structure performance of the machine bed with M-shaped rib configuration is the best, and its maximum first- order natural frequency is 334Hz, which is 54% higher than that of the worst V-rib bed with 217Hz. The first three-order natural frequencies of one of the ribbed bed structures are simulated and verified by experiments. The error of the two is within 5%, which proves the effectiveness of the research method.