In order to deal with the plight of blood shortage and improve the efficiency of blood use, the priority evaluation of blood distribution was studied. Binary transformation method was used to integrate the characteristic description factors of hospital blood shortage degree, the correlation coefficient calculation and clustering threshold selection method of traditional fuzzy clustering analysis were improved, the fuzzy clustering model of blood shortage degree was constructed, and on this basis, the allocation priority parameter was introduced to evaluate the blood distribution priority. At last, 24 hospitals were selected to calculate the demand of red blood cells numerically, the hospitals were clustered into six groups with different blood shortage degrees, the priority parameters of each group were derived, and the priority of blood distribution in each group of hospitals was evaluated. The result shows that fuzzy clustering model was improved and the allocation priority parameter was introduced, which can effectively evaluate the priority of blood distribution and provide reference for blood distribution decision-making in the case of blood