In order to introduce the mechanism of anti-aging effect of Polygonatum polysaccharides and its application in food, firstly the effect mechanisms of Polygonatum polysaccharides on scavenging free radicals, enhancing telomerase activity, improving mitochondrial energy metabolism and improving neuroendocrine function were reviewed from the definition of aging and the theory of anti-aging such as free radical theory, telomere theory, mitochondrial DNA damage theory and neuroendocrine theory, then the progress of extraction methods of Polygonatum polysaccharides and its development and application in healthy food and daily diet were summarized, finally the future research direction of Polygonatum sibiricum and Polygonatum polysaccharide were prospected. It is clear that the essence of Polygonatum sibiricum will become an indispensable part of people's healthy life.