Under assumed conditions, a mathematical model of a reciprocating compressor working process is established, resolved by mathematical programming and the PV diagram is drawn. The influence of the valve’s dynamic parameters on the volume/pressure curve is analyzed, and the optimal combination of valve parameters under certain working conditions is presented in this paper. The research results reveal that a smaller valve mass results in a higher minimum pressure inside the cylinder during suction. The shorter valve opens, it’s more rare to delay opening and closing. Valve stiffness has little effect on the minimum pressure and the delay of valve opening and closing. The chattering phenomenon is more likely to occur with increasing stiffness coefficient and decreasing rotational speed. The delay time of valve closing is in inverse proportion to spring precompression and the number of valve spring, while being proportional to their stiffness coefficients.