In view of the increasingly serious environmental pollution problem it is innovative to propose consumer green preferences and product substitution rate as the main influencing factors to study the supply chain benefits of new energy vehicles. Methods This paper took a two-level supply chain consisting of two different automobile manufacturers and one distributor as the main body of the study. Under the main consideration of consumer green preference product replacement rate and other influencing factors the profit function model of each main body of the supply chain was constructed based on the supply and demand relationship. The model was solved by the backward induction method. The profit of each part of the whole supply chain was analyzed numerically by maple software. Results The results showed that the overall profits of new energy vehicle manufacturers distributors and supply chains were positively correlated with consumers?? green preference and product replacement rate while for traditional fuel vehicle manufacturers their profits were negatively correlated with consumers?? green preference and positively correlated with product replacement rate. Conclusion The numerical analysis found that when consumers?? green preference and product replacement rate are small the product replacement rate is the main factor affecting the profits of new energy vehicle manufacturers and distributors and consumers?? green preference is the main factor affecting the profits of traditional fuel vehicle manufacturers and the overall supply chain. When consumers?? green preference and product replacement rate gradually increase consumers?? green preference gradually becomes the main factor affecting the profits of new energy vehicle manufacturers and distributors and product replacement rate gradually becomes the main factor affecting the profits of traditional fuel vehicle manufacturers and the overall supply chain.