Abstract:The land-lost peasants are the product in the process of urbanization, if peasants’ land is expropriated but can not get proper compensation, the peasants’ right protection behavior will possibly be trigged, which is typically social problem in the process of urbanization. Based on this, this paper uses evolutionary game theory to set up the game model among the land-lost peasant groups and analyzes internal cause and evolutionary law for the right protection behavior of the land-lost peasants. The research finds that the right protection behavior of the lan-lost peasants has limited rational characteristics such as relatively strongly learning and imitating and so on, that expected land expropriation compensation is the basic power for the land-lost peasant to choose their right protection behavior, that the more the land-lost peasants concern about their future, the more possibly they choose their right protection behavior, and that the higher right protection difficulty and the bigger land-lost peasants scale are the two important factors for the land-lost peasants to choose right protection behavior. The research conclusion has certain inspiration significance to both the understanding of the right protection behavior of the land-lost peasants and making the related policies accordingly.