By using the related data of the provinces and municipalities in 2009 and 2014 along the Yangtze River, this paper analyzes the status quo of the urban system development along the Yangtze River economic belt from the perspective of land area, total population, urban population, population density and so on and obtains that the economic development level of the Yangtze River economic belt is relatively high, that its urban layout is relatively numerous and that it plays an important role in Chinese economic development pattern. However, the urban system development has big difference among east, middle and west part of the belt, the spatial distribution of the urban system is not balanced, and its operation cost is high. Based on that, the corresponding suggestions and measures are that the irrational status quo of the urban system of the belt should be improved and that the healthy and stable development of the belt should be promoted.