Catalytic combustion is one of the promising technologies for highly efficient combustion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and has good applied and developing prospect. The key problem of catalytic combustion technology is to design and prepare the efficient and stable catalyst. In the field of VOCs catalytic combustion, nanoCeO2 catalyst has caused wide attention, which has special crystal structure and excellent oxygen storage capacity. This review covers the recent developments in catalytic combustion of VOCs over the CeO2 catalyst, including single metal oxide catalysts, mixed metal oxide catalysts and supported catalysts. The research direction is put forward to further improve the properties of CeO2 catalyst for VOCs catalytic combustion.