Based on 2007—2013 panel data of China’s 18 resourcebased provinces, by using SEM Model and general panel data model, this paper analyzes the impact of financial expenditure of each structure on economic growth of the resourcebased provinces. The results show that with regard to the provinces with negative effect of resources dependence on their economic growth, general public service has significantly boosting effect on their economic growth, however, the expenditure on agriculture, forestry, social security, environment protection, science and education is adverse to their economic growth. As for other provinces, the influence of financial expenditure of each structure on economic growth is different. Therefore, governments should use rational financial expenditure according to the development situation of each resourcebased province.