| 摘要: |
| 以某废弃化工厂产生的铬渣，采集的铬污染土壤及配制的铅污染土壤为样品，对比了国内和美国环保几种常见浸出方法的浸出浓度、浸提率并提出相关影响因素；实验结果表明：阳离子(如Cr3+和Pb2+)的浸提率主要受到重金属的存在形态、H+离子的离子交换作用和固态基质的酸蚀这3种因素影响，通常固态基质酸蚀作用影响较大，pH越低，浸出率越高；阴离子(如CrO2-4)的浸提率主要受到OH-离子的离子交换作用和固态基质的酸蚀2种因素影响，通常固态基质的酸蚀影响大于OH-离子的离子交换作用；浸出浓度同时受浸提率和液固比的影响，可能导致出现高浸提率、低浸出浓度的现象。 |
| 关键词: 铬污染土壤 铅污染土壤 浸提方法 浸提率 浸出浓度 |
| DOI： |
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| The Differences between Leaching Concentrations & Leaching Rates of Heavy Metals with Different Leaching Methods and the Main affecting Factors |
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GUI Chen xin1，LI dong*，1，2，3，HU Si yang2，YUAN Xing zhong1，2，3
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| Abstract: |
| The leaching effects and main affecting factors were investigated for different leaching methods used in China and USA with chromite ore processing residue from an abandoned chemical plant，chromium contaminated soil and spiked lead contaminated soil Results show that for the cations(eg Cr3+and Pb2+)，their leaching rates are mainly affected by their occurring forms，ion exchange of H+ and acid etching to solid matrix，and acid etching to solid matrix play the major effects，the lower the pH，the higher the leaching rates For anions(eg CrO2-4)，their leaching rates are mainly affected by ion exchange of OH- and acid etching to solid matrix which usually play more significant role than ion exchange effect Furthermore，leaching concentrations are affected by leaching rates and liquid solid ratio，which might result in high leaching rates with low leaching concentrations |
| Key words: chromium contaminated soil lead contaminated soil extracting methods leaching rates leaching concentrations |
