Developing low-altitude new quality productive forces serves as a crucial lever for promoting high-quality economic development and advancing strategic emerging industries. In this context, the low-altitude ecosystem, which is a systemic innovation field composed of core technologies, market entities, human capital, policy environments, and infrastructure, has emerged as a key carrier for accelerating the emergence of low-altitude new quality productive forces. However, existing research lacks systematic exploration of how the multiple elements within the low-altitude ecosystem synergistically drive the development of low-altitude new quality productive forces. In particular, few studies have adopted a configurational perspective to reveal the multiple equivalent pathways formed by different combinations of these elements. Grounded in industrial ecosystem theory, this study deconstructs the low-altitude ecosystem into three core dimensions, namely fluid resource elements, agentic subject elements, and structural environmental elements, and constructs a Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) analytical framework for understanding how the low-altitude ecosystem drives low-altitude new quality productive forces. Data are drawn from multiple sources, including the China National Intellectual Property Administration, the CSMAR database, regional government work reports, AiQicha, and the official website of the Civil Aviation Administration of China. Using panel data from 50 cities in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta metropolitan economic circles from 2018 to 2024, this study employs dynamic Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to systematically investigate how heterogeneous configurations of low-altitude ecosystem elements influence the emergence of regional low-altitude new quality productive forces, and conducts between-group and within-group comparative analyses of the two regions. Compared with existing studies, this paper makes three main contributions. First, at the theoretical level, this paper integrates industrial ecosystem theory with the TOE framework to construct a three-dimensional analytical framework of fluid resource elements, agentic subject elements, and structural environmental elements, thereby deepening the systematic understanding of the generative mechanisms of low-altitude new quality productive forces. Second, at the methodological level, this paper introduces dynamic QCA to analyze panel data, overcoming the limitation of traditional QCA which is only applicable to cross-sectional data, revealing the temporal evolution patterns of driving pathways for low-altitude new quality productive forces, and providing a beneficial supplement to configurational research methodology. Third, at the empirical level, through a comparative analysis of the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, this paper identifies six equivalent pathways and reveals their applicable conditions, offering a new explanatory perspective for understanding regional development heterogeneity in China.