The inherent demand for high-quality development of China’s economy and technology has given rise to the transformation of traditional productive forces, and new quality productive forces are advanced productive forces built on traditional productive forces with high-tech, high-efficiency, and high-quality features, which are in line with the new development concept. At the same time, under the complex situation of the overall deterioration in geopolitics and the decline in global economic growth, the business environment of Chinese enterprises has deteriorated again, facing a series of new challenges and crises. Therefore, accelerating the development of new quality productive forces is an inevitable choice to improve organizational resilience and economic security. However, there are relatively few studies in the existing literature that understand organizational resilience from the perspective of productivity, and the internal logic of how new quality productive forces can improve organizational resilience remains to be explored. The article selects A-share listed companies as the research sample, with data sourced from CSMAR and Wind databases. Based on the modified new quality productive forces model by Zhang Xiu’e et al. （2024）, it quantitatively assesses each company’s level of new quality productive forces and examines its impact on organizational resilience. The research findings indicate that the development of new quality productive forces significantly promotes organizational resilience. The pathways through which new quality productive forces enhance organizational resilience primarily involve increasing resource acquisition, optimizing resource allocation, and improving resource sharing. After a series of robustness tests including variable substitution, instrumental variable methods, and cluster substitution methods, the regression results remain robust. Further analysis suggests that the impact of enterprise new quality productive forces on organizational resilience is more pronounced in samples of state-owned enterprises, enterprises in the eastern and central regions, and large-scale enterprises. Compared with previous literature, the main contributions of this paper are: firstly, based on the improved new quality productive forces of Song Jia, Zhang Xiu’e et al., it explores new quality productive forces from a quantitative perspective, focuses on answering the question of how new quality productive forces work, and enriches the related research on new quality productive forces; secondly, it examines the impact of new quality productive forces on the organizational toughness of enterprises and develops the analysis of the role channels of new quality productive forces on organizational toughness from the three dimensions of increasing resource acquisition, optimizing the efficiency of resource allocation, and improving resource sharing; thirdly, we further analyze the research on the differences in enterprise attributes, geographical differences, scale differences, etc. on the impact of new quality productive forces on organizational toughness, so as to provide decision-making reference and support for giving full play to the positive effects of new quality productive forces. The study in this article reveals to some extent the internal logic of how the level of new quality productive forces in enterprises influences organizational resilience. It not only helps enterprises to prioritize the development of new quality productive forces and promote the smooth transformation and upgrading of traditional productivity, but also drives government departments to construct an organizational resilience framework with Chinese characteristics and to design diversified evaluation criteria and procedural norms for different regions, industries, and enterprises, thereby promoting the sustained and healthy development of Chinese enterprises.