农机购置补贴对农业绿色全要素生产率的影响研究
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Research on the Impact of Agricultural Machinery Purchase Subsidies on Green Total Factor Productivity in Agriculture
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    摘要:

    农业机械化会产生经济增长效应和环境污染效应,进而导致农机购置补贴带来的农业绿色全要素生产率(GTFP)增长慢于农业全要素生产率(TFP)增长。采用2008—2021年31个省份数据的分析发现:农机购置补贴提高了农业总产值和碳排放量并降低了碳排放强度(经济增长效应大于环境污染效应),从而显著促进了农业GTFP提升,但该正向影响小于农机购置补贴对农业TFP的正向影响;农机购置补贴主要通过技术进步渠道促进农业GTFP和农业TFP提升(技术效率改善渠道的作用不显著),且对农业绿色技术进步的促进作用小于对农业技术进步的促进作用;在农村人力资本水平较高地区、平原面积占比较高地区和环境规制较强地区,农机购置补贴对农业GTFP和农业TFP的提升作用更为显著,且在环境规制较强地区对农业GTFP的提升作用大于对农业TFP的提升作用。因此,应增强支农政策的绿色偏向,提高农村人力资本水平和环境规制强度,并通过完善配套政策和加强基础设施建设有效提高农业技术效率,进而实现更快的农业GTFP增长。

    Abstract:

    Accelerating the green and low-carbon transformation of agriculture is imperative for China to build a strong agricultural country and achieve the strategic goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. How to improve the agricultural green total factor productivity (AGTFP) is the key issue facing the transformation. The agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy implemented since 2004 has greatly promoted the development of agricultural mechanization in China, which in turn has contributed to the technological progress of agricultural production and the improvement of agricultural productivity. However, in addition to economic effects, the implementation of this subsidy policy also has an impact on the ecological environment. Existing literature lacks consideration of environmental effects when examining the impact of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies on AGTFP. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2008 to 2021, this paper uses the EBM-GML index model to measure the AGTFP of each province, and empirically examines the impact of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy on AGTFP through the panel fixed effect model, and makes a comparative analysis with the traditional agricultural total factor productivity without considering environmental factors. It is found that agricultural machinery purchase subsidy has significantly improved AGTFP. After robustness tests such as replacing the explained variable, replacing the explanatory variable, replacing samples, endogenous treatment, and propensity score matching, the conclusions are still robust. The agricultural machinery purchase subsidy mainly promotes the growth of AGTFP through the channel of technological progress, with the channel of technical efficiency being less significant; if environmental factors are not considered, the promotion effect of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy on agricultural technology progress and AGTFP will be overestimated. The results of the heterogeneous analysis show that the promotion effect of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy on AGTFP will be more obvious in areas with higher levels of human capital, in plain areas, and in regions with higher environmental regulation levels. Compared with the previous research, this paper expands on the following three aspects. Firstly, different from existing literature that predominantly examines the implementation effects of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies from a single economic or environmental perspective, this study expands the research scope by focusing on the agricultural green total factor productivity index, which considers both economic and environmental effects, thereby broadening the study of the effectiveness of agricultural machinery subsidy policies. Secondly, this paper compares and analyzes the impact of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies on agricultural technology progress and agricultural technology efficiency in different situations (with and without consideration of environmental factors), and investigates the green bias of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies. Thirdly, based on the heterogeneity of rural human capital levels, terrain conditions, and environmental regulation levels, the paper further explores the external supportive environment for promoting the improvement of AGTFP through agricultural machinery subsidies. This paper reveals the underlying logic of how agricultural machinery subsidies affect AGTFP. It proposes strengthening support for complementary policies such as the construction of agricultural mechanization infrastructure, agricultural machinery technology training services, and land transfer. Additionally, it suggests integrating environmental effects into the policy evaluation of agricultural machinery subsidies. By doing so, government departments can maximize the supportive role of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies in promoting agricultural green development under the goal of the green and low-carbon transformation of agriculture.

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田嫒,曾令秋.农机购置补贴对农业绿色全要素生产率的影响研究[J].西部论坛,2024,34(2):94-109

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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-05-10