网络节点特征与城市绿色创新效率提升——基于节点枢纽性与节点聚集度视角
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Characteristics of Network Node and Improvement of Urban Green Innovation Efficiency: Based on the Perspective of Node Centrality and Node Aggregation
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    摘要:

    随着城市间创新联系的持续增强,城市创新网络的优化与发展对城市绿色创新效率的促进作用日益凸现。部分研究考察了城市绿色创新效率的空间溢出效应和城市创新网络特征的影响,但鲜有文献关注城市的网络节点特征对其绿色创新效率的影响,尤其缺乏相应的经验分析。本文认为,在城市创新网络中各个城市即网络中的节点,创新资源和活动在节点的聚集产生规模效应,创新资源和活动在节点间流动则带来溢出效应,两者都有利于城市绿色创新效率的提升。因此,反映节点在网络联系中重要性的节点枢纽性和反映网络中不同节点聚集成团程度的节点聚集度提高,均有利于城市绿色创新效率的提升。节点枢纽性的提高对城市自身的基础设施建设提出更高要求,因而可以通过改善基础设施的路径促进城市绿色创新效率提升;节点聚集度的提高为城市金融发展带来更多的需求和机会,因而可以通过增加创新投融资规模的路径促进城市绿色创新效率提升。在城市密度和经济发展水平较高的地区,城市间的创新联系较便利,节点枢纽性提高对城市绿色创新效率提升的促进作用较大;而在城市密度和经济发展水平较低的地区,创新聚集的效率相对较高,节点聚集度提高对城市绿色创新效率提升的促进作用较大。以2010—2018年中国279个城市为样本,通过引力模型构建城市创新网络,进而测度节点枢纽性和节点聚集度,分析发现:节点枢纽性和节点聚集度对城市绿色创新效率具有显著正向影响;城市交通基础设施在节点枢纽性促进城市绿色创新效率中具有显著的部分中介效应,城市金融机构存款水平在节点聚集度促进城市绿色创新效率中具有显著的遮掩效应;节点枢纽性对城市绿色创新效率的促进效应在东、中、西部地区依次减弱,而节点聚集度的促进效应依次增强。相比已有文献,本文主要从三个方面进行了拓展和深化:一是从网络节点特征角度拓展城市绿色创新效率的影响因素研究,二是从影响路径和区域异质性层面深化网络节点特征影响创新效率的机制研究,三是为通过改善网络节点特征促进绿色创新效率提升提供经验证据。本文揭示了城市创新网络进化(节点枢纽性与节点聚集度提高)对绿色创新效率提升的重要作用及其影响路径和区域异质性,有利于在新发展阶段通过优化城市网络发展格局进一步促进创新发展和绿色发展。

    Abstract:

    With the continuous enhancement of innovation links between cities, the optimization and development of urban innovation networks will play an increasingly prominent role in promoting the efficiency of urban green innovation. Some studies have examined the spatial spillover effect of urban green innovation efficiency and the influence of urban innovation network characteristics, but few works of literature focus on the impact of urban network node characteristics on its green innovation efficiency, especially lack of corresponding empirical analysis. This paper believes that in the urban innovation network, each city is a node in the network. The aggregation of innovation resources and activities at nodes produces scale effects, and the flow of innovation resources and activities between nodes brings spillover effects, both of which are conducive to the improvement of urban green innovation efficiency. Therefore, the centrality of nodes, which reflects the importance of nodes in network connections, and the increase in the degree of node aggregation, which reflects the degree of clustering of different nodes in the network, are both conducive to the improvement of urban green innovation efficiency. The improvement of node centrality puts forward higher requirements for the city’s infrastructure construction, so it can promote the efficiency of urban green innovation by improving the path of infrastructure; the improvement of node aggregation degree brings more demands and opportunities for urban financial development, so it can promote the efficiency of urban green innovation by increasing the scale of innovation investment and financing. In areas with high urban density and economic development level, the innovation connection between cities is more convenient, and the improvement of node centrality has a greater role in promoting the efficiency of urban green innovation; however, in areas with low urban density and economic development level, the efficiency of innovation aggregation is relatively high, and the improvement of node aggregation degree has a greater role in promoting the improvement of urban green innovation efficiency. Taking 279 cities in China from 2010 to 2018 as a sample, the urban innovation network is constructed through the gravity model, and the node centrality and node aggregation degree are measured. The analysis found that the node centrality and node aggregation degree have a significant positive impact on the efficiency of urban green innovation; urban transportation infrastructure has a significant partial intermediary effect in the promotion of urban green innovation efficiency by node hub, and the deposit level of urban financial institutions has a significant masking effect in the promotion of urban green innovation efficiency by node agglomeration; the promotion effect of node centrality on urban green innovation efficiency weakens in turn in the eastern, central and western regions, while the promotion effect of node agglomeration increases in turn. Compared with the existing literature, this paper mainly expands and deepens this study from three aspects: one is to expand the research on the influencing factors of urban green innovation efficiency from the perspective of network node characteristics; the other is to deepen the network node characteristics from the perspective of influencing paths and regional heterogeneity; the third is to provide empirical evidence for promoting the efficiency of green innovation by improving the characteristics of network nodes. This paper reveals the important role of the evolution of urban innovation network (the improvement of node centrality and node aggregation) in improving the efficiency of green innovation, its influence path and regional heterogeneity, which is conducive to further promoting innovative development and green development by optimizing the development pattern of the urban network in the new development stage.

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张明斗,李学思.网络节点特征与城市绿色创新效率提升——基于节点枢纽性与节点聚集度视角[J].西部论坛,2022,32(2):1-15

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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-06-12