Farmland abandonment is a common social phenomenon in rural areas in the process of urbanization. In China, rural land is collectively owned. Under the family contracted condition, the land abandonment brought by farmers non-agricultural business can be solved by farmland transfer. Land registration consolidates the stability and exclusiveness of rural family contracted land management rights, boost farmland transfer under the condition of convenient farmland transfer and big gain of land transfer and further reduce the farmland abandonment. Based on the survey data of 426 rural households in 9 pilot counties, districts and cities for land reform in Sichuan Province, through using endogenous switching probit (ESP) model, the analysis results show that the farmland abandonment rate of the farmers of land registration is significantly lower than that of the farmers of farmland non-registration, that land registration can effectively restrict farmland abandonment, that farmland abandonment reduction by land registration has regional difference, that the restraining effect of land registration on land abandonment is descending in plain region, hills region and mountainous region in turn, that the farmland abandonment reduction by land registration has time effect, the earlier the land registration, the lower the probability of farmland abandonment. Therefore, all regions should actively boost rural land registration, combine “three-right separation”, practically protect the land rights and interests of farmers, effectively promote land transfer, overcome the restriction of agricultural production and natural condition in mountainous and remote areas, reduce agricultural management cost, and enlarge the scale effect and economic profit of land transfer.