Because of the difference and change of foreign trade policies and trade structure in different countries, because different systems affect the direction and the extent of international trade, the influence of system quality of import countries on the export trade efficiency of export countries has uncertainty. By using stochastic frontier gravity model, non-efficiency model and “one step method” to calculate the efficiency and potential of the value-added export trade of China to 34 sample economic entities during 2000-2014, the analysis finds that China's value added export efficiency shows inverted "U" type and presently stays at low level, the export growth space is huge, but the difference between different countries（regions） is obvious. Further test results show that the impact of the system quality of the sample economic entities on China export efficiency has systematic heterogeneity and regional heterogeneity, the market-oriented level and trade openness extent of the import countries（regions） are significantly positively correlated with China’s export trade efficiency while political environment and investment freedom are negatively correlated and have difference in different subsamples. Thus, China should actively boost economic globalization, enlarge foreign openness, and optimize export product structure and export space pattern to effectively promote export trade efficiency.