Promoting the county economy to achieve high-quality development is an inevitable requirement to adapt to the new era of China's development and changes. Guaranteeing and improving people's livelihood and promoting people's well-being are the fundamental purposes of development. Based on that, this paper takes 15 districts and counties in the Chongqing region of Three Gorges Reservoir area as an example, and on the basis of calculating the basic public service level of each district and county in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, this paper empirically analyses the interaction between basic public service and county economic development. The results show that, on the one hand, the level of basic public services in the Chongqing region of Three Gorges Reservoir area is on the rise, while the differences in the basic public services between each county and district are on the decline, and the level of equalization is on the rise. On the other hand, there is a path dependence effect in the short term on both basic public services and county economic development of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and there is a certain mismatch between basic public services and their economic development, in which county economic development has a short-term inhibitory effect on the supply of basic public services while the basic public services have a positive promoting effect on economic development.