With the advancement of industrialization and urbanization in China, the income of farmers has gradually shown a trend of non-agriculturalization. This trend also leads to the reduction of farmers' willingness to grow grain, which affect food production and threaten food security while promoting the transition of the agricultural sector. Based on the formation mechanism and development trend of farmers' income non-agriculturalization, this paper analyzes the impact of income non-agriculturalization on China's grain production and security by combining global grain strategy, and proposes a dialectical understanding of the trend of the income non-agriculturalization. The paper also gives suggestions on how to properly handle the contradiction between increasing farmers' income and food production to ensure food security.