Socio-cultural factors play an important role in influencing and restricting the operation of the system of labor-capital relations. In particular, the cultural traditions with high stability and inheritance can guide or direct the institutional change at a deep level, thus building different types of labor relations. Based on the institutional change path-dependence theory of New Institutional Economics, this paper studies the dependence phenomenon of cultural path in the evolution of the relationship between employers and employees which occurred in Japanese “interest-consistent” enterprises. It points out that such cultural traditions as the concept of "harmony", group consciousness, hierarchical thinking, and “home” principle have profoundly influenced the formation of corporate ethics, assumptions of human nature, types of corporate culture, pattern of labor-capital game and the mode of labor-capital relations. They are the driving factors for the formation of path dependence in the evolution of the labor-capital relationship of Japanese enterprises. In the process of reestablishing the labor-capital relationship in Japanese enterprises, this law will still play a role in guiding the evolution of the labor-capital mode to the “interest coordination type”.