From the macro-level perspective, financial credit of agricultural supply chain plays a positive role in supporting the development of agricultural industry, on the one hand, promotes the employment of poor population and the rising of labor factor return rate, on the other hand, indirectly boosts the poverty alleviation by dripping effect and income redistribution effect of economic growth. From the micro-level perspective, financial poverty alleviation needs to use system innovation to give credit support to the production and living of poor population to avoid elite seizing and misallocation of capital. Agricultural supply chain finance aims to construct the effective credit connection mechanism between each interests main body of agricultural industrial chain, has the characteristics of inclusion finance, cooperative finance and micro-finance and is one of effective micro-mode of financial poverty alleviation. Based on China’s reality, we should compare and analyze financial poverty alleviation mechanism and effect of agricultural supply chain between different regions, different main bodies of agriculture and different modes, deeply explore the multi-side coordinated mechanism and its poverty alleviation effect of agricultural supply chain finance participation subjects and continuously focus on the impact of financial scientific and technological development and credit system construction on the poverty alleviation mechanism and effect of agricultural supply chain finance.