Emissions to the environmental pollution is an urgent problem to be solved in the new era of China. This paper uses the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis method （ESDA） to carry out spatial autocorrelation analysis of the pollution emissions of sulfur dioxide and dust in 31 provinces and municipalities of China from 2005 to 2014, based on the basic model of EKC theory, and the use of spatial measurement model to explore the impact of China’s economic growth on emissions. From this productive analysis, we can find that：（1）the pollution emission of sulfur dioxide and dust in the provinces and municipalities of China shows the spatial autocorrelation of high-high aggregation in northeast region and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and low-low aggregation in west region,（2）the emissions of sulfur dioxide and dust respectively with economic growth fall in “inverse N” type and “inverse U” type curve,（3）the improvement of innovation ability can improve the quality of atmosphere to a certain extent and the acceleration of the urbanization process will exacerbate the waste gas emissions. Combining with the research conclusion, this paper puts forward the following suggestions. Firstly, the government should establish a joint prevention and control mechanism of regional emission of sulfur dioxide and dust among the regions and fully realize the coordination development of economic and environmental pollution treatment, making differentiated strategy to reduce emissions, then, should consider the technological progress for the promotion of emission reduction, the government should also encourage innovation, and effectively promote the upgrading of industrial structure, and finally, combine urbanization development with ecological environment construction.