By taking 30 provinces （except Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan as well as Tibet） as the study sample, economic system is divided into economic production subsystem and environment governance subsystem, this paper firstly measures and resolves the efficiency of low-carbon economic growth in the period of 2001~2013 by network SBM-DEA model, and calculates the coupling coordination degree between economic growth efficiency and environment governance efficiency of each region. The results show that low-carbon economic growth efficiency demonstrates “U-shape” changing trend, declines during 2001—2007, and gradually rebounds during 2007—2013, that the areas with higher low-carbon economic growth gradually spread from north coast to east coast and south coast, and that low-carbon economic growth rate in southwest area is boosted but still stays in general state. Economic production efficiency is significantly higher than environment governance efficiency and the total coupling coordination degree is lower. The improvement of low-carbon economic growth depends on the co-action of economic production subsystem and environment governance subsystem, as a result, environment governance should be strengthened and different regional low-carbon economic development policy should be implemented.