The lowest price and the target price of agricultural products in Europe and the United States have been closely cooperated for a long time under the constraints of the agricultural product market supply and demand relation, the import and export policy and the government financial capacity have jointly promoted the steady growth of agricultural production and farmers’ income. The lowest price under the protection-style purchase method interferes with the formation of market price, the lowest price under non-protection-style purchase method does not affect market price, and the target price effectively protects the market mechanism that supply and demand relation determines market price. The utilization of the lowest price and the target price does not have necessary connection with supply and demand situation of agricultural products, however, the executive method of the lowest price is decided by agricultural resources endowment and the relation between supply and demand of agricultural products. The minimum purchase price in China has raised the market price and resulted in the higher domestic market price in comparing with the international market price. The drag market function of the minimum purchase price can effectively stabilize the production of agricultural products and anti-periodic function of target prices can stabilize the farmers’ income. Therefore, under the situation without guaranteeing national grain safety, China should not replace the lowest price by target price of agricultural products but should use different prices according to different kinds of agricultural products.