In order to explain the inconsistency of resource curse principle in reality, this paper brings economic development stage factor into the theoretical framework of the impact of constructing natural resource endowment on economic development. The logic conclusion of the theoretical framework shows that at the initial stage of industrialization, abundant natural resources promote economic structural non-agricultural change through primary product trade and become the resource blessedness of economic development, after the beginning stage, however, the rich natural resources hinder economic structural change through such mechanisms as “Dutch disease” and then become resource curse of the development. The statistical data based on 31 provinces of China show that the less-developed provinces have resources blessedness but the higher-developed provinces encounter resource curse, and empirical analysis results are consistent with the theoretical framework logic. By the dynamic supervision on economic structure, the supervision on resource curse should be changed from “afterward supervision” to “process supervision”, which is conducive to taking measures to avoid resource curse. The governments should make efforts to upgrade and rationalize the industrial structure, and the areas with abundant resources should make preparation for the transition and upgrading of economic structure at the blessedness stage.