Chinese government issued the National Strategy for Innovation Driven Development in May, 2016, before that, the U.S. government issued the American Innovation Strategy in October, 2015. These are the programmatic documents of the national innovative deployment for China and the US. The comparative study of the evolution and the core content for the innovation strategies has important implications to the implementing of China’s innovation-driven development strategy and building an innovation-oriented country： China’s innovation strategy should be synchronized and coordinated implementation with the Chinese Manufacturing 2025 and other documents; put the advanced agricultural and environmental protection science and technologies in a prominent position, ensure food security; improve and reform the education system, establish the advanced education system matched with the National Innovation Strategies, pay attention to both technical innovation and institutional innovation and establish the advanced and innovative culture.