Comprehensive evaluation index system for the basic public service is constructed from such six aspects as education and culture service, basic medical service, social security service, ecological environment service, public infrastructure service, and information service. Twelve provincial public service levels and their differences of administrative districts in the western region during 2005-2014 are tested and their spatial layouts are analyzed. The research indicates that the basic public service level in the west area is obviously raised but has fluctuation, that the public service level significantly has difference between each province and municipality and can be classified into three levels such as high, middle and low level, that there is big difference between each level, that the difference shows the pattern of gradual decrease from the north to the south, and that the situation of economic development level determines the situation of the supply capacity of basic public service but can not directly determine the basic public service level. The basic public service level is mainly affected by input size and input efficiency and is related to the financial transfer payment size of central government and so on.