Material Flows Analysis（MFA）is an important tool for efficient resource management policies to relieve the increasing pressure of economic growth on resources and environment. Employing both statistical and econometrics methods such as PCA and super-DEA, this paper tries to compare and analyze the material flows of economic activities in 2013 across China’s 31 provinces, metropolitans and autonomous regions. The result shows that significant and patterned differences exist in material inputs across the regions, especially between Eastern and Western areas. The major influencing factors include population density, per capita material stock, per capita GDP, industrial structure, percentage of R&D investment and mineral resource density, etc. These factors may be classified into three principal components, respectively socio-economic component, two-dimension principle component of the secondary industry ratio and population density and single component of resource endowment. Resource efficiencies in Tianjian, Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Xinjiang are larger than 1. The 31 provinces, metropolitans and autonomous regions can be divided into four region classifications according to material input intensity and material efficiency.