Factors affecting resident consumption are divided into explict factors represented by household charactoristics and implicit factors represented by market factors and social factors. With the data of Chinese Household Finance Survey （CHFS） in 2011, this paper utilizes quantile regression model to measure the various factors’ marginal propensity to consume in different quantile levels, and applies Blinder-Oaxaca method and quantile decomposition to explore the difference and trend between urban and rural households consumption. The empirical analysis shows that the elasticity of rural household consumption to income is obviously higher than that of urban households, and the higher the quantile is, the less the promoting effect of income on consumption is；explict factors are the main factors effecting urban and rural consumption difference, and the influence is different from household to household on consumption level both in urban and rural area；urban and rural consumption difference becomes less with the increase of quantile, and the weakening of implicit factors’ effect is the main reseaon for the less difference. The urban and rural consumption duality is as a result of not only explict factors represented by household characteristics（income, pension scheme, age, years of schooling, etc. ）, but also implicit factors caused by different social and economic environment（preference, habit and the development stage）.