美国制造业回流政策分解与效果分析——基于企业要素投入成本和竞争力视角
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Policy Research on American Manufacture Reshoring:Based on the Perspective of Factor Input Cost and Competition of Enterprise
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    摘要:

    近年来,美国实施的“制造业回流”政策受到业界和学界的广泛关注。基于对企业要素投入成本和竞争力的影响,美国的制造业回流政策可以分解为技术进步政策、投融资政策、人才培养政策、能源政策、市场拓展政策和投资环境政策六类。美国制造业回流政策的实施,使其制造业发展成本优势渐显,制造业复苏态势趋稳,取得了显著成效,并刺激了全球资本流向的再调整。美国的制造业回流政策,偏重于从培育创新能力、提升竞争力角度出发强化在高端制造领域的全球竞争优势,而非强化产业政策的直接干预,其“以降低企业成本、提升企业竞争力为核心”的施政思路值得中国学习与借鉴。适应经济新常态,中国制造业发展政策应以提升企业竞争力为核心,着力降低企业的成本与税负,改善企业的发展环境,降低企业面临的风险。

    Abstract:

    In recent years, policies of manufacture reshoring in the U.S. is one of the most attractive and discussed themes. Based on the effect of factor input cost and competition of enterprise, policies of manufacture reshoring in the U.S. can be decomposed into 6 classes, i.e. technology progress policy, investment and financing policy, talent development policy, energy and resource policy, market expansion policy and investment environment policy. The policy implementation makes the advantage of manufacture industry development cost fade in. The recovery trend of manufacture industry becomes stable, which makes remarkable effect and spurs the adjustment of global capital flow. Mainly focusing on innovation cultivation and competitiveness promotion, the policies enhance global competitiveness advantage in high-end manufacturing arena instead of stressing the direct intervene of industrial policies. The idea of “centered on cutting enterprise cost and promoting enterprise competitiveness” is worth learning for China. In order to adapt the economy new normal, Chinese manufacturing industry development policy should be centered on promoting enterprise competitiveness, cutting enterprise cost of factors input and tax burden improving enterprise development environment and reducing risks enterprises face.

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杨 帅.美国制造业回流政策分解与效果分析——基于企业要素投入成本和竞争力视角[J].西部论坛,2015,25(4):84-92

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