Balanced development of population is demographic theoretical innovation and development under the guidance of the scientific development concepts and the balance of population itself is the precondition of long-term equilibrium population. Based on different population prediction parameters, this paper designs three kinds of forecast schemes to simulate the state quo, adjustment from the state quo to ideal situation and ideal situation, and forecasts the medium and long-term development tendency of China’s population situation. The results show that the basic development tendency of population of China in the medium term (before 2050) won’t be impacted by policy and other economic and social factors. While in the long run (2050—2100), total fertility rate reaches generation replacement level as soon as possible will greatly reduce the long-term pressure of the population structure, especially the super aging population pressure. In order to realize the long-term balanced development of population, we should plan the toplevel design to open a two-child per family policy or even cancel the birth limitation policy as soon as possible, and super aging policy response at the same time should also be included in the agenda.