The minimum living security and poverty-relief development are two important social assistance policies for rural area in new era of China, which play great role in alleviating and eliminating poverty in rural areas. However, how to dynamically manage the targeted poor is a big problem that restricts successful implementation of the two systems. The investigation on poor areas in Chongqing shows that there are some problems such as identification errors of the targeted poor, blurred classification of the targeted poor, unspecific assistance measures, welfare dependence, poverty trap, hard withdrawal for ineligible recipients, a lack of collaboration or linkage, scattered supply of poorrelief resources. In order to achieve scientific and standardized management and a target of“protect all that should be protected, help all that should be helped, withdraw all that should be withdrawn”for the targeted poor, and to improve the operation efficiency and maintain the fairness of the two systems, scientific and efficient dynamic management system for rural minimum living security and povertyrelief object should be established based on targeted poor identification mechanism, classified assistance mechanism for the targeted poor, self hematopoiesis mechanism of the targeted poor, dynamic assess and withdrawal mechanism, departments linkage and resource integration mechanism.