Urbanization is one of the important paths to alleviate poverty. At the stage of urbanization in slow development during the foundation of new China and the eve of the Reform and Opening, urbanization process almost stops and has little effect on poverty reduction and urban-rural dual structure is developed. From the Reform and Opening to the 21st century, urbanization is at the stage of rapid development and advances the development of poverty reduction cause, but the gap between urban and rural areas enlarges as well. The implementation of new-type urbanization strategy after 2013 marks a new stage phasing in, at which urbanization leading poverty relief and development, poverty reduction shifting to poverty alleviation and well-off society being built comprehensively. New-type urbanization should lead poverty relief and development, and poverty reduction effect of vast stretches of special poor areas should be emphasized. Policy support system of new-type urbanization promoting poverty reduction cause and vast stretches of special poor area construction should be accelerated.