By using the data of 37 industrial industries of China’s 48 old industrial bases during 2006—2012, the carbon emission amount and its changing trend are calculated, the influencing factors of the carbon emission are analyzed from such two levels as regions and industries by using LMDI method, and the research finds that coal is the main energy consumption in old industrial bases, that the mainly driving factor affecting the carbon emission is industrial scale and energy structure from the perspective of regional level, that the important restriction factor affecting the carbon emission is industrial structure and industrial energy intensity, and that industrial scale has driving effect on the carbon emission of 37 industries while energy intensity has driving effect on the carbon emission of 7 industries and while energy structure has driving effect on the carbon emission of 28 industries. China should moderately control industrial industry scale, optimize industrial structure and energy consumption structure and accelerate technical progress.