Since 2011, China’s poverty-alleviation development work has entered into a new stage from “solution to the problem in ample food and clothes” to “becoming rich by development”. The poverty areas generally face the dilemma of “the development in poverty and the poverty in development” because market failure results in the weak factor agglomeration capacity and insufficient investment in poverty areas, because resources and environment constraints cause big number of the immigrants in need of poverty-alleviation and the big difficulty in their income growth, because urban and rural dual system leads to big gap of public service between urban and rural inhabitants, because rural factor capitalization degree is low, because the groups in poverty are short of knowledge and skills and because total financial poverty-alleviation funds are inadequate and their distribution efficiency is low. In addition, the promotion of poverty standard makes the poverty-alleviation development task still difficult at the new stage. Thus, China should enlarge investment to strengthen the development capacity in the poverty areas, perfect the matched policies to improve the efficiency in displaced immigration poverty-alleviation, boost the human capital for the poverty population to prevent the poverty population from intergeneration transmission, speed up institutional innovation to consolidate the endogenous development motive power in the poverty areas, and start legislation research quickly to provide legal guarantee for poverty-alleviation development.